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  • Steels and Alloys

    1018 steel

    C1018 is a general purpose low carbon steel with good case hardening qualities. It has a higher manganese content than certain other low carbon grades, such as 1020. With higher manganese, 1018 is better steel for carburized parts, since it produces a harder and more uniform case. It also has higher mechanical properties and better machinability due to the cold drawing process. Most 1018 is produced by cold drawing. In this process, oversize hot rolled bars, which have been cleaned of scale, are drawn through dies to the required size. Cold drawing increases tensile and yield strength but decreases ductility. Cold drawing also increases torsional strength, surface hardness and wear resistance. Due to size limitations of the cold drawing process, large diameter bars are generally turned and polished, the hot roll rounds usually machine turned, rather than drawn, then abrasively polished. C1018, available in rounds, flats, squares and hexagons, has a relatively large size selection.



    ANALYSIS

    Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur(S)
    0.15 - 0.2 0.6 - 0.9 0.04 max 0.05 max
    1018 cold roll bars conforms to ASTM A29, A108


    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Condition Tensile Strength
    (PSI)    		 Yield Strength
    (PSI)    		 Reduction of Area Elogation in 2" Brinell Hardness
    1" Rd, Cold Drawn 85,000 70,000 55 28 167
    7" Rd, Turned
    and Polished    		 70,000 45,000 58 36 143


    APPLICATIONS

    1018 has a wide variety of applications. It is used for parts requiring cold forming, such as crimping, swaging or bending. For severe bends, stress relieving may be necessary to prevent cracking. It is highly suitable for carburized parts, such as gears, ratchets, worms, pinions, pins, chain pins, dowels, machine parts, non-critical components of tool and die sets, tool holders, etc. It is used when good workability is required, on parts requiring threading, drilling, punching and machining. It is extensively used for mounting plates, spacers and fixtures. C1018 is suitable for all applications that do not require the greater strength of high carbon and alloy steels.

    MACHINEABILITY AND WELDABILITY

    Machinability is rated at 78% of B1112. Average cutting speed 130 ft/min. This grade is easily welded by all welding processes including gas, air, and submerges arc, and the resultant welds and joints are of extremely high quality. Preheat and post-weld heating is generally not necessary.

    HEAT TREATING

    1018 will respond to any carburizing method and subsequent heat treatments. Case hardening results in a hard case and relatively soft core. Carburize at 1650°-1700°, oil or water quench and temper at 300°. For a hard case and tough core, the following heat treatment is suggested: Carburize at 1650°-1700°F for approximately 8 hours, cool in oven and reheat to 1400°-1450°F. Quench in water and draw at 300°-350°. Carburizing depth typically .060-.070".




    1045

    C1045 is a silicon killed medium carbon steel. Higher carbon content imparts increased strength over low carbon steels, such as 1018. Response to heat treatment is excellent and the resultant mechanical properties which can be obtained permit wide usage in the production of machinery parts and shafts. 1045 can be hammer forged, machinability is good, but forming and welding qualities are limited.



    ANALYSIS

    Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur(S)
    0.43 - 0.5 0.6 - 0.9 0.04 max 0.05 max
    1045 cold roll bars conforms to ASTM A29, A108


    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Condition Tensile Strength
    (PSI)    		 Yield Strength
    (PSI)    		 Reduction of Area Elogation in 2" Brinell Hardness
    1" Rd, Cold Drawn 100,000 85,000 32 19 223
    7" Rd, Turned
    and Polished    		 95,000 60,000 48 24 197


    APPLICATIONS

    1045 has a wide variety of applications. It is used for machinery parts, die forging, hot upsetting, gears, crankshafts, shafts, axles, bolts, studs, pinions, casters and support plates. Can be hammer forged. 1045 can be used where greater strength is required than can be obtained from the lower carbon steels. It responds to heat treatment, and a wide range of properties can be obtained. When higher dimensional accuracy and straightness are required in the productions of shafts are required, 1045 Turned, Ground and Polished Precision Shafting is recommended.

    MACHINEABILITY AND WELDABILITY

    Machineability is rated at 64% of B1112. Average cutting speed 95-120 ft/min. 1045 is not readily welded, due to it's higher carbon content. On thin sections, arc or gas welding can be used without preheating, but in welds and joints on thicker sections, preheating is necessary. Stress relieving after welding is also recommended.

    HEAT TREATING

    1045 is a water or oil quenched metal. The recommended quenching temperatures are 1550°F for water and 1575°F for oil. A wide range of mechanical properties can be obtained by tempering at different temperatured between 700°F and 1300°F. Tempering below 700°F should be avoided. 1045 can be flame or induction hardened, but not recommended for carburizing or cyaniding treatments.




    4140

    4140 cold finished annealed is a chromium-molybdenun alloy steel that can be oil hardened to relatively high hardenability. The chromium content provides good hardness penetration, and the molybdenum imparts uniformity of hardness and high strength. Through variations in the method of heat treating 4140, an exceptionally wide range of properties can be attained. For this reason, it is often used as stock for forging, as 4140 has self scaling properties. 4140 responds readily to heat treatment and is comparatively easy to machine in the heat treated condition. 4140 resists creep in temperatures up to 1000° F and maintains its properties even after long exposure at these relatively high working temperatures. Other desirable properties include good wear resistance, excellent toughness and good ductility in the quenched and tempered condition. 4140 cold finished annealed is available in rounds, squares, rectangles and hexagons. 4140 cold rolled rounds is also available with an addition of .15-.35 lead (41L40), which improves machinability (77% of 1212, surface cutting speed 127 ft/min) without sacrificing other desirable properties, with the exception that the use of 41L40 is not recommended for applications above 400°F, since at elevated temperatures, ductility in 41L40 is low.



    ANALYSIS

    Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Chromium (Cr) Molybdenum (Mo) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur(S)
    0.38 - 0.43 0.75 - 1 0.15 - 0.35 0.8 - 1.1 0.15 - 0.25 0.035 max 0.04 max
    4140 cold roll bars conforms to ASTM A322; ASTM A331; ASTM A304


    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Condition Tensile Strength
    (PSI)    		 Yield Strength
    (PSI)    		 Reduction of Area Elogation in 2" Brinell Hardness
    Annealed 70,000 60,000 45 20 200
    The above values are average and may be considered as representative of 4140 cold rolled annealed

    APPLICATIONS

    4140 can be used for as wide variety of applications where greater toughness and wear resistance is needed over lower carbon grades. Typical applications include strippers, holder blocks, mold bases, ejectors, back up and support tooling, fixtures, jigs, molds, cams, drill collars, bolts, stubs, couplings, reamer bodies, axles, shafting, piston rods, rams, hydraulic machinery shafts, gears, sprockets, gear racks, valves, chain links, spindles, tool bodies, tool holders, tie rods, boring bars, guides, tracks, ways, slides, wear strips or parts, forming dies, brake dies, trim dies, bolsters, machinery parts and components, etc. This material roll threads, knurls, and may be plated.

    MACHINEABILITY AND WELDABILITY

    4140 has a machinability rating at 66% of B1112. Average cutting speed 110 ft/min. 4140 is difficult to weld, but can be welded by any of the common welding practices providing section is preheated, and stress relieved after welding. 41L40 not recommended due to the fumes produced with the addition of lead.

    HEAT TREATING

    4140 has a hardening range of 1525° -1625° F. Quench in oil. A wide range of mechanical properties can be obtained by tempering between 400° and 1300° F.

    Forging

    Heat to 2100° to 2200° F

    Normalizing

    Heat to 1600° - 1700° F. Cool in air. Average BHN 285

    Annealing

    Heat to 1450° - 1550° F. Cool slowly in furnace. Average BHN 187




    8620

    AISI 8620 is an alloy carburizing steel when thermally treated develops a hard outer case with a soft ductile core. Carefully controlled proportions of chromium, nickel and molybdenum are responsible for the extensive use as a carburizing alloy steel, with valuable features including extreme surface hardenability and good internal strength. Has minimum distortion and growth characteristics. 8620 has good machinability and responds well to polishing.



    ANALYSIS

    Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) Molybdenum (Mo) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur(S)
    18 - 0.23 0.7 - 0.9 0.15 - 0.35 0.4 - 0.6 0.4 - 0.7 0.15 - 0.25 0.035 max 0.04 max
    8620 cold roll bars conforms to ASTM A331


    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Condition Tensile Strength
    (PSI)    		 Yield Strength
    (PSI)    		 Reduction of Area Elogation in 2" Brinell Hardness
    Annealed 100,000 85,000 60 21 185


    APPLICATIONS

    8620 applications include gears, pinions, cams, cranks, clutch shafts, shafting, axles, tie bars, collets, bushings, heavy duty pins, bolting, springs, hand tools, die cases, and a multitude of machinery parts and components.

    MACHINEABILITY AND WELDABILITY

    8620 has a machinability rating at 66% of B1112. Average cutting speed 127 ft/min.
    8620 can be forged at 2200° down to 1800° F prior to hardening or carburizing.
    8620 is excellent for welding applications

    HEAT TREATING

    8620 can be hardened to 1500° F followed by water quench. Carburize at 1650° - 1700° F in an appropriate carburizing medium and oil quench to harden. Tempering of carburized parts is done at 250° - 300° F and will result in the alloy having a core strength of approximately 135,000 psi minimum. Tempering of heat treated and water quenched parts (not carburized) is done at 400° - 1300° F, with greater hardness the lower the tempering temperature.






    Aluminum

    6061

    6061 is a good, general purpose aluminum alloy with magnesium and silicon as its alloying elements. 6061 has the highest resistance to corrosion of all the heat treated aluminums, but strength is lower. 6061 has a wide range of mechanical properties and is readily machined and has good forming properties. 6061 welds easily, has excellent joining characteristics, and good acceptance to anodizing and other applied coatings. Electrical conductivity is 40% of copper. 6061 shapes are available from sheet and plate at Speedy Metals utilizing our high definition plasma cutter.


    ANALYSIS

    Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Chromium (Cr) Cooper (Cu) Iron (Fe) Zinc (Zn) Aluminum (Al) Magnesium (Mg) Titanium (Ti) Other
    0.15 0.4 - 0.8 0.15 - 0.35 0.15 - 0.4 0.7 0.25 Remainder 0.8 - 1.2 0.15 0.005/0.15
    6061-T651 Conforms to ASTM BB209, QQ-A-250/11, AMS 4027


    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Tensile Strength
    (PSI)    		 Yield Strength
    (PSI)    		 Shear Strength (PSI) Elogation in 2" Brinell Hardness
    45,000 40,000 31,000 12 95
    The above values are average and may be considered as representative of 6061 Plate

    APPLICATIONS

    6061 is commonly used for structural components, frames, brackets, jigs, fixtures, base plates, machine parts, hydraulic valve bodies, valves parts, fuse parts, gears, worm gears, rectifier parts, fasteners, truck and marine components, marine fittings and hardware, electrical fittings and connectors, hinge pins, magneto parts, appliance fittings, camera lens mounts, etc. 6061 is used for heavy duty structures requiring good strength-to-weight ratio with good corrosion resistance. 6061 is easily cold worked and formed in the annealed condition. Cutting, stamping, bending, deep drawing, drilling, tapping, etc. are all readily accomplished using standard methods.

    MACHINEABILITY AND WELDABILITY

    6061 in the T4 condition has a machinability rating of 90% when compared to 2011 at 100%. Machines to a high finish.
    6061 can be forged at temperatures in the range of 750° to 900°F. Hot working may be done in the temperature range of 500°F to 700°F
    6061 can be readily welded using all the common welding techniques.

    HEAT TREATING

    HEAT TREATMENT
    Solution heat treat at 990°F for adequate time to allow for thorough heating and then water quenched. Precipitation hardening is done at 320°F for 18 hours and air cool, followed by 350°F for 8 hours and air cooled.

    ANNEALING
    Annealing should be done at 775°F for at 2 to 3 hours at temperature, followed by controlled cooling at 50°F per hour down to 500°F then air cooled.

    AGING
    The aging precipitation heat treatment is done at 350°F for 8 hours followed by air cooling. This produces the T6 temper




    2024

    2024 is a high strength aluminum alloy with higher strength than 2011, with adequate work ability. With its high strength and excellent fatigue resistance, it is used to advantage on parts and structures where a good strength-to-weight ratio is desired. 2024 is readily machined at high speeds and gives accurate machining detail with a high finish. 2024 in the annealed condition is easily formed and may be subsequently heat treated. 2024 has good stress corrosion cracking resistance. Since corrosion resistance is relatively low, 2024 is commonly used with an anodized finish or in clad form, with a thin surface layer of high purity aluminum for increased corrosion resistance. Electrical conductivity is 35% of copper.


    ANALYSIS

    Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Chromium (Cr) Cooper (Cu) Iron (Fe) Zinc (Zn) Aluminum (Al) Magnesium (Mg) Other
    0.3 - 0.9 0.5 0.1 3.8-4.9 0.5 0.25 0 1.2 - 1.8 0.05/0.15
    2024 Plate Conforms to ASTM B209, AMS 4035, QQ-A-250/4


    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Tensile Strength
    (PSI)    		 Yield Strength
    (PSI)    		 Shear Strength (PSI) Elogation in 2" Brinell Hardness
    68,000 47,000 42,000 20 120
    The above values are average and may be considered as representative of 2024 Aluminum Plate

    APPLICATIONS

    2024 is commonly used for structural components, couplings, hydraulic valve bodies, fuse parts, gears and shafts, worm gears, pistons, rectifier parts, missile parts, munitions, fasteners, cap nuts, bolts, hardware, truck wheels, transportation industry parts, computer parts, clock parts, veterinary and orthopedic equipment, and commonly in the aircraft industry for aircraft fittings, fuselage structurals, wing tension members, shear webs and ribs and structural areas where stiffness, fatigue performance and good strength-to-weight ratio is required.

    MACHINEABILITY AND WELDABILITY

    2024 in the T351 condition has a machinability rating of 90% when compared to 2011 at 100%. Machines to a high finish. 2024 is can be formed in the annealed condition. 2024 can be forged or hot worked, however subsequent heat treatment is necessary in order to retain reasonable corrosion resistance. 2024 is a very poor choice for welding. Gas and arc welding is not recommended. 2024 can be spot welded or seam resistance/flash welded. Brazing and soldering is not recommended. Generally welding should be avoided because of the degradation of corrosion resistance that occurs as a result of the weld heat.

    HEAT TREATING

    2024 is an age-hardening aluminum alloy and responds to heat treatment to accomplish the strengthening (aging). The T4 condition is attained by a 920°F heating followed by a cold water quench and aging at room temperature. T6 is attained by the same 920°F and quenched followed by a 375°F for 10 hours and air cooling.

    ANNEALING
    Annealing is done at 750°-800°F for at least 2 hours at temperature, followed by slow cooling in furnace. This will anneal 2024 from a heat treated condition. Annealing 2024 between cold working operations may be done at 650°F for 2 hours, followed by air cool.

    AGING
    The T4 condition is attained by a 920°F heating and cold water quenching. Aging then occurs at room temperature. For T6 condition, use the same 920°F and water quenching procedure than reheat to 37°F for 10 hours and air cool. Other conditions are a result of the T4 condition followed by controlled amounts of cold working.

    TEMPERING
    Not Applicable




    3003 H14

    3003 Aluminum is alloyed with 1.20% manganese, which increases the strength of 3003 over commercially pure aluminum (1100 series). 3003 has excellent workability, weldability, and good corrosion resistance. It is used for drawing, forming, spinning, fuel tanks, sheet metal works and other applications that require moderate strength for an aluminum with good weldability. H14 designates the temper, and means that 3003 has been strain hardened and partially annealed. In this condition, 3003 can be easily formed. Embossing or debossing 3003 in this temper should not strain or crack the aluminum. Â 3003 ALUMINUM TREAD PLATE - Often referred to as diamond plate, it has the same properties of 3003-H14, while excellent at resisting corrosion, and strong for light weight aluminum applications. The diamond trend pattern is slip-resistant and cosmetically appealing.


    ANALYSIS

    Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Cooper (Cu) Iron (Fe) Zinc (Zn) Aluminum (Al)
    1 - 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.15 - 0.35 Remainder
    3003-H14 Conforms to ASTM BB209, QQ-A-250/2, AMS 4006, AMS 4008


    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Tensile Strength
    (PSI)    		 Yield Strength
    (PSI)    		 Elogation in 2"
    22,000 21,000 10
    Min 90 degree cold bend radius (for .064" thick): 0 The above values are average and may be considered as representative of 3003-H14

    APPLICATIONS

    3003-H14 is widely used for stampings, spun and drawn parts and products, cooking utensils, chemical equipment, builders hardware, storage tanks, truck and trailer components, mail boxes, cabinets, fan blades, awnings, siding, kitchen equipment, decorative trim, architectural uses, signage applications, etc. Where greater strength is required, consider 5052-H32.
    3003 Aluminum Tread plate is widely used for truck beds and trailers, walk ways and cat walks, flooring, wall panels, tool boxes, decorative trim, architectural uses, etc.

    MACHINEABILITY AND WELDABILITY

    3003-H14 has a machinability rating of 97% when compared to 2011 at 100%
    3003-14 can be readily welded using all the common welding techniques.

    HEAT TREATING

    3003-H14 is not heat treatable.




    5052

    5052 is often referred to as "Anodize Quality Aluminum", as it has excellent finishing qualities and anodized coatings are bright and clear. The major alloying element in 5052 is magnesium in sufficient quantities to cause substantial lowering of the melting point without producing brittleness. When magnesium is used as the major alloying element, or in combination with manganese, the result is a moderate to high strength non-heat treatable aluminum alloy. 5052 is far stronger than the 1100 or 3000 series aluminums, yet forms with reasonable bend radii. Weldability is very good and 5052 has good resistance to corrosion, especially in salt-water / marine atmospheres.


    ANALYSIS

    Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Chromium (Cr) Cooper (Cu) Iron (Fe) Zinc (Zn) Magnesium (Mg)
    0.1 0.25 0.15 - 0.35 0.1 0.4 0.1 2.2 - 2.8
    5052-H32 Conforms to ASTM BB209, QQ-A-250/8, AMS 4015, AMS 4016, AMS 4017


    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Tensile Strength
    (PSI)    		 Yield Strength
    (PSI)    		 Elogation in 2"
    33,000 28,000 12
    Min 90 degree cold bend radius (for .064" thick): 0 The above values are average and may be considered as representative of 5052-H32

    APPLICATIONS

    5052 is widely used for cooking utensils, food processing equipment, storage tanks, truck and trailer components, mail boxes, aircraft components, electronic chassis, boat hulls, deck houses, hatch covers, pressure vessels, ladders, railings, frames, drip pans, tool boxes, truck bumpers, inner and outer body panels and components in truck and auto industries, kitchen equipment, decorative trim, architectural uses, signage applications, and any number of parts and application requiring strength and good formability at reasonable cost.

    MACHINEABILITY AND WELDABILITY

    5052-H32 has a machinability rating of 88% when compared to 2011 at 100%.
    5052-H32 can be readily welded using all the common welding techniques. 5052 has the best welding characteristics of all the aluminums.

    HEAT TREATING

    5052 is not heat treatable.






    Stainless Steel

    303

    303 is an "18-8" chromium-nickel stainless steel modified by the addition of selenium or sulphur, as well as phosphorus, to improve machinability and non-seizing properties. It is the most readily machinable of all the chromium-nickel stainless grades and has good corrosion resistance, although less than other chromium-nickel grades, such as 304 or 316. It is non-magnetic in the annealed condition and not hardenable by heat treatment. Tensile strength and hardness can be increased by cold working. Slight magnetism can be detected by cold working. 303 has excellent scale resistance at temperatures up to 1600° F in continuous service. It is manufactured by the electric-furnace process and meets the exacting requirements of the aircraft industry. 303 stainless steel is produced in rounds, rectangles, squares, hexagons, and in a BSQ round form; a bearing shaft quality ground and polished round to specific undersize tolerances to fit a bearing on a high quality stainless shaft.

    ANALYSIS

    Type Carbon (C) Maganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Chromium (Cr) Cooper (Cu) Molybdenum (Mo) Selenium (Se) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur(S)
    303s 0.15 max 2 max 1 max 17 - 19 8 - 10 0.75 max 0 0.15 max 0.15 min
    303se 0.15 max 2 max 1 max 17 - 19 8 - 10 0.75 max 0.15 - 0.4 0.17 max 0.04 min
    1018 cold roll bars conforms to ASTM A29, A108


    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Tensile Strength
    (PSI)    		 Yield Strength
    (PSI)    		 Reduction of Area Elogation in 2" Brinell Hardness
    85,000 - 95,000 30,000 - 40,000 50 - 60 45 - 55 160 - 180


    APPLICATIONS

    303 is used almost exclusively for parts requiring machining, grinding, or polishing where good corrosion resistance is also required. It’s non-seizing and non-galling properties make it ideal for moving parts. Being an austenitic steel, it is useful where low magnetic permeability is desired. 303 has fairly good forming properties. Used for aircraft parts, as well as shafts, gears, valves, valve trims, all types of screw machine products, bolts, screws, and machine parts, as well as architectural purposes. It is not recommended for vessels containing liquids or gases under high pressure.

    MACHINEABILITY AND WELDABILITY

    Machinability is rated at 78% of B1112. Average cutting speed 130 ft/min. This grade is easily welded by all welding processes including gas, air, and submerges arc, and the resultant welds and joints are of extremely high quality. Preheat and post-weld heating is generally not necessary.

    HEAT TREATING

    303 is not hardenable by heat treatment. Cold working increases tensile strength and hardness. Annealing range is between 1850° and 2050°F. Cool rapidly. Water should be used for heavier sections; air for lighter sections. The stress relieving range is between 400° and 750°F.




    316

    304/304L dual certified stainless is an "18-8" austenitic chromium-nickel steel modified by the addition of molybdenum, which greatly increases the corrosion resistance as well as the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. 316/316L is non-magnetic in the annealed condition and not hardenable by heat treatment. 316/316L is more resistant to atmospheric and general corrosive conditions than any of the other standard stainless steels. The addition of molybdenum provides an extra measure of corrosion resistance making this grade suitable for applications involving severe corrosive conditions such as use in the chemical industries and marine atmospheres. This grade of stainless may become slightly magnetic when cold worked. 316/316L is available in rounds, squares, rectangles, sheet and plate. 316 sheet and plate can be cut into shapes or rings on Speedy Metals High Defination Plasma cutter.

    ANALYSIS

    NA
    NA
    316/316L stainless generally conforms to ASTM A276, ASTM A479, AMS 5648


    MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

    Condition Tensile Strength
    (PSI)    		 Yield Strength
    (PSI)    		 Reduction of Area Elogation in 2" Brinell Hardness
    CF under 1/2 Rd 90,000 - 125,000 45,000 45 35 183
    CF Over 1/2 Rd 75,000 30,000 50 35 178
    HR 75,000 - 115,000 30,000 50 40 180
    The above values are average and may be considered as representative of 316/316L stainless

    APPLICATIONS

    316/316L is used extensively for paper pulp handling equipment, process equipment for producing photographic chemicals, inks, rayon, rubber, textile bleaches and dyestuffs and high temperature equipment. Since 316/316L has good cold forming and drawing properties, it is an outstanding stainless steel for a large number of applications. Manufactured by the electri-furnace process, 316/316L meets the exacting standards of the aircraft industry. Widely used in the chemical industry. Used for pumps and pump shafts, oil rig pumps, medical instruments, food preparation equipment. Because 316/316L possesses the highest creep and tensile strengths at elevated temperatures of any of the more commonly used stainless steels, it finds extensive use where the combination of high strength and good corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures is required.

    MACHINEABILITY AND WELDABILITY

    Machinability is rated at 36% of B1112. Average cutting speed 60 ft/min. Easily welded by all commercial processes except forge or hammer welding. Annealing is recommended after forging to maintain maximum corrosion resistance. 316/316L can be forged between 2100°-2300° F. Do not forge below 1700° F.

    HEAT TREATING

    316/316L is not hardenable by heat treatment. Cold working increases tensile strength and hardness. Annealing range is between 1850 and 2050F. Cool rapidly. Water should be used for heavier sections; air for lighter sections. The stress relieving range is between 400° and 750






 
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